Transitive Roots
Solid Round Object = SRO
-’ą́ (perfective), –’aah (imperfective) = handle
-ne’ (perfective), -łne’ (imperfective) = propel
-ts’id (perfective), –’ts’ííd (imperfective) = fly
Non Compact Matter = NCM
-jool (perfective), –jooł (imperfective)
Mushy Matter = MM
-tł’éé’ (perfective), –tł’ééh (imperfective)
Flat Flexible Object = FFO
-tsooz (perfective), -łtsoos (imperfective) = handle
-’ah (perfective), ́-áád (imperfective) = propel
-’na (perfective), –nééh (imperfective) = fly
Slender Flexible Object = SFO
-lá (perfective), –lé (imperfective)
-déél (perfective) = propel and fly
-łdeeł (imperfective) = propel
-deeł (perfective) = fly
Slender Stiff Object = SSO
-tą́ (perfective), –tįįh (imperfective) = handle
-t’e’ (perfective), –łt’e (imperfective) = propel
-kééz (perfective),-kęęs (imperfective) = fly
Slender Stiff Object = SSO and Animate Object = AnO
-tį (perfective), –łteeh (imperfective) = handle
-t’e’ (perfective), –łt’e (imperfective) = propel
-kééz (perfective), –geeh, -tłíísh (imperfective) = fly
Load Pack Burden = LPB
-yį́ (perfective), –yeeh (imperfective) = handle
-łhęęzh (perfective), –yeeh (imperfective) = propel
-łhį́ (perfective), –łęęzh (imperfective) = fly
Open Container = OC
-ką́ (perfective), –kaah (imperfective) = handle
-kaad, –daaz (perfective), –kaad (imperfective) = propel, fly
Plural Separable = PIO
-nil (perfective), –niił (imperfective) = handle
-ni-de (perfective), –ni-deeh (imperfective) = fly
Plural Non-Separable Objects = PlO
-jaa (perfective), –jááh (imperfective) = handle
-kaad (perfective), –łkaad (imperfective) = propel
-daaz (perfective), ni-deeh (imperfective) = fly
Stream
-ziid
Intransitive Roots
-cha = weep, cry
-dlóóh = be cold
biih -ghááh = get into it (sg)
-dziih = remain, be left
-leeh = become
biih -geeh = fall into it
biih -nééh = crawl into it
keeh -’ees = put on shoes
biih -máás = roll into it
biih -tłíísh = fall into it
the line – as in –máás before the root means it needs something before in order to be a word.
References:
Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr. (1987), The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, page 196.
Wiktionary contributors. (n.d.). Navajo verb. In Wiktionary, The Free Dictionary. Retrieved October 31, 2025, from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Navajo_verb
Young, R. W. (2000). The Navajo verb system: An overview. University of New Mexico Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1c3gs57
Young, Robert; Morgan, William; Midgette, Sally (1992), Analytical lexicon of Navajo, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, →ISBN, page 40